Neuroanthropology is defined as an interdisciplinary field which help us understand the interactive effects of environment, culture and biology on human development and behaviour. It is intended to embrace all dimensions of human neural activity, including emotion, perception, cognition and motor control. The concept of cognition is closely related to abstract concepts as mind, reasoning, perception, intelligence, learning, and many others that describe numerous capabilities of human mind. The present research attempts to study neuro-anthropological variations among both the genders using psychological variable i.e. cognition.The sample size selected for the study were 364 Muslims including both males and females from Bangalore, Karnataka. Major findings from the study were that Muslim females of Bangalore were more emotionally driven, compromising and receptive in recognizing emotions of others as compared to the males but on the other hand they too believed in embracing small, immediate pleasures of life as do the males.