Microscopic particles, like electrons, do not move following the classical laws of motion, given by Newtonian Mechanics. These particles, however, follow other laws that seem to be more appropriate for the propagation of waves. This becomes qualitatively clear when we see an interference pattern arise in an experiment in which an electron beam passes through a double slit. In this brief study, we will deal with the superficial analysis of the dynamics of quantum particles, through their postulates and their precise mathematical formulation. That is, we intend to introduce the wave function and the Schrödinger equation, as well as to interpret physically such a function. The scientific bases of this essay can be found mainly in the books of PESSOA, HALLIDAY, FEYNMAN and JAMMER, cited in the bibliographical references.