The study aimed at assessing the relationship between risk perception and the prevalence of blood exposure accidents among health care workers in Murunda Hospital in Rwanda. A cross-section study design with quantitative approach was employed, where structured interview using a questionnaire was used to collect data from 80 healthcare workers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics where frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used, followed by binary logistic regression in order to establish the relationship between risk perception of healthcare workers and the prevalence of blood exposure accidents. The findings revealed the prevalence of blood exposure accidents to be 68.8%, and the incidence rate was 2.7 per worker a year. The perception of the severity of consequence of blood exposure accidents was found to be associated to needle stick injuries (p=0.003 and OR=0.292 at ᾳ =0.05) and splashes (p=0.023 and OR=0.38 at ᾳ = 0.05). It is confirmed that the prevalence of blood exposure accidents was determined by the level of risk perception. The Ministry of Health is therefore recommended to conduct a countrywide trainings aiming at improving perception of healthcare workers with regards to blood exposure accidents and so help them take all precautions intended to prevent blood exposure accidents as it may be the case to all hospitals and healthcare centers.