Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to anaemia particularly in developing countries because of increased iron requirements related to rapid growth. Inadequate nutrition during adolescence depicts serious consequences throughout the reproductive years of life and beyond. Socio-economic gradients, dietary habits, parental illiteracy, behavioural changes etc., are likely to influence the haemoglobin profile of adolescents. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the anthropometric, socio-economic and haemoglobin (Hb) profile of adolescent girls and to study the correlation between haemoglobin profile and socio-economic status of the subjects. Methods and Materials: In the present study, a total number of 1300 school going adolescent girls from the age group of 13-17 years were randomly selected for the study from Puttaparthi Mandal, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding anthropometric, socio-economic and haemoglobin profile of the selected subjects. The data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Software. Results: In the present study, about 31 per cent of the subjects were suffering from mild anaemia, followed by 6 per cent (moderate anaemia) and 3 per cent (severe anaemia). A highly significant (p<0.01), positive correlation of haemoglobin with BMI strata was observed among the subjects with severe thinness and overweight category. The prevalence rates of anaemia among the subjects were found to be significantly associated with type of family, family income, parents’ education, religion, menstrual bleeding, history of worms infestation and dietary practices. Conclusions: The anaemic adolescent girls grow into adult women with compromised growth, physiological and cognitive development. The overall prevalence rate of anaemia among adolescent girls suggests an urgent necessity for improving their overall nutritional status by implementation of multi-sectorial community based programme such as nutrition education awareness, anaemia prophylaxis and poverty alleviation programme.