Objective: Is to investigate the role of adenoidectomy in correction of anemia in patients with chronic adenoid hypertrophy. Patients and Methods: A prospective interventional self-controlled study included 60 patients (33 males, 27 females), with adenoid hypertrophy and anemia and diagnosed by nasopharyngeal endoscopic examination, CBC, nasopharyngeal plain X. ray and iron profile. Patients ages ranged from 4 to 12 years and classified into 3 groups A,B and C. In group A, only adenoidectomy was performed. In group B, adenoidectomy was performed and iron therapy was prescribed for four months postoperative. While in group C, no surgery was done but only iron therapy for 4 months. Results: Rise in the hematological parameters was found in the three groups. Group B shows the most evident rise. This can be explained by the fact that the rise in hematological parameters in the group A was masked by blood loss during adenoidectomy and in group C, no surgery was done, so no blood loss has occurred. Conclusion: Anemia may be associated with adenoid hypertrophy. The type of anemia which develop in those patients is anemia of chronic illness which is often microcytic hypochromic but other types also present like normocytic hypochromic and microcytic normochromic.