Government policy consistency is fundamental to creating a predictable business environment that promotes enterprise survival, investment, and sustainable economic growth. In Nigeria, frequent changes in fiscal, monetary, taxation, trade, regulatory, and other economic policies have raised concerns regarding their implications for small businesses. This study empirically examined the effect of government policy inconsistency on small business performance in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on business survival, investment, and growth. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. A total of 554 questionnaires were distributed to selected small business owners and operators, of which 532 were duly completed and returned, representing a response rate of 96.0%. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The demographic findings revealed that 86% of respondents had Ordinary Level (O'Level) education as their reported educational attainment. Furthermore, 68% of respondents indicated that government policy inconsistency negatively affected small business performance. The findings showed that frequent and unpredictable policy changes increased operating costs, created uncertainty in investment decisions, constrained effective business planning, weakened profitability, and adversely affected enterprise survival and growth. The study concludes that government policy inconsistency constitutes a significant constraint to the performance and long-term sustainability of small businesses in Nigeria. It recommends greater policy stability and continuity, improved coordination among regulatory agencies, meaningful consultation with small business stakeholders before major policy changes, adequate transition periods for implementing new regulations, and a transparent and predictable policy framework. Such measures would enhance entrepreneurial confidence, encourage investment, strengthen business survival, and promote sustainable small business growth in Nigeria.