This tree plays a vital environmental and agricultural role in improving the physical and chemical properties of Sudanese soil, particularly in areas with sandy or degraded soils prone to desertification. The study aimed to examine the physical and chemical properties of soil where *E. helioscopia* grows. Parameters analyzed included electrical conductivity (EC; dS m⁻¹), pH, soil texture components, cation and anion ratios, carbonate minerals, organic matter (g kg⁻¹), and the content of available nutrients (mg kg⁻¹). Soil samples were collected from the root zones of plants at growth sites as well as from sites lacking vegetation; nine soil samples from various locations were analyzed in the laboratory. The results revealed highly significant differences in the soil supporting *E. helioscopia* growth, showing a reduction in salinity levels, acidity, cations (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺), and carbonate minerals. Furthermore, the results demonstrated a highly significant effect of *E. helioscopia* growth on increasing soil levels of bicarbonates, organic matter, and available nutrients (K, N, P). The study clearly indicates that the growth of *E. helioscopia* has a substantial impact on the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Although the *Umm Haleeb* (or *Ushar*) tree is sometimes classified as an invasive shrub in neglected areas, from a Sudanese ecological perspective, it is considered a vital natural resource for rehabilitating degraded soil; it transforms arid, sandy environments into land that is more cohesive, retains more moisture, and is richer in the essential chemical elements needed to support biodiversity and agriculture.